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By : Denawi Usman

beton-disiram-airDalam Melakukan Pekerjaan atau Pembuatan beton Setelah selesai sebaiknya, permukaan beton direndam air atau kalau tidak memungkinkan permukaan tersebut diberi karung goni kemudian disiram air, biarkan permukaan beton lembab selama minimal 7 hari.

Kenapa Permukaan beton yang baru selesai dibuat harus disiram atau dibasahi, hal itu memungkinkan proses hidrasi yaitu reaksi mineral semen dengan air, bisa berlangsung dengan baik untuk menghasilkan kekuatan dan daya tahan beton seperti yang direncanakan.

Kurangnya kelembaban akan membuat mineral semen kurang bereaksi dengan baik untuk menghasilkan karakteristik beton yang dikehendaki .

Terjemurnya beton yang baru selesai terhadap matahari, akan dengan cepat menghilangkan kandungan air yang dibutuhkan didalam beton untuk sempurnanya reaksi sehingga akan menghasilkan mutu beton yang tidak baik, retak dan kerusakan pada permukaan beton.

Berdasarkan hasil kajian, kelembaban yang relative didalam beton yang aptimum untuk reaksi adalah 80% keatas, bila kelembaban beton terpengaruh oleh pengaruh lingkungan hingga turun dibawah 80%, maka reaksi akan terganggu bahkan terhenti sama sekali.

Oleh karena itu menjaga kondisi beton tetap lembab secara kontinyu sampai mencapai mutu beton yang disyaratkan, Jika adukan beton setelah dituang dan dipadatkan, dan tidak dilakukan proses perawatan yang memadai dan hanya dibiarkan terekspos diruang terbuka, maka mutu dan kekuatan beton yang dihasilkan akan berkurang, bahkan bisa mengurangi kekuatan hingga 50% dari nilai rancangan mutu beton.Bahkan perawatan dari beton pada saat selesai dituangkan dalam pekerjaan sehari-hari sering sekali diabaikan, perawatan hanya pada hari pertama, sedangkan hari berikutnya beton dibiarkan kering.

Temperatur merupakan factor yang sangat penting dalam perkembangan kekuatan beton, suhu optimal agar terjadi reaksi sempurna berkisar antara 10 – 23 C, bahkan jika perawatan dilakukan dibawah suhu 10 C, maka tidak akan memberikan perkembangan kekuatan nyang tinggi, bahkan jika perawatan dibawah titik beku maka tidak akan menghasilkan kekuatan sama sekali.

Sebaliknya jika suhu naik diatas 23 C, perkembangan kekuatan di umur awal semangkin meningkat, namun bisa menimbulkan efek lain, misalnya laju perkembangan kekuatan berikutnya akan terhambat dan mengakibatkan kekuatan beton akhir, lebih rendah, efek lainnya dengan menaiknya suhu lingkungan, laju penguapan air juga akan semangkin meningkat pula sehingga kelembaban akan turun dan mengakibatkan laju kekuatan beton berikutnya juga terganggu.

Oleh karena itu, perawatan beton yang baik harus dilakukan terutama di umur awal, minggu pertama, sebab bila terjadi penguapan air yang signifikan diumur awal, beton akan mengalami penyusutan dan hal ini akan menimbulkan beban tarik yang terjadi lebih besar dari kekuatan tarik beton yang dicapai, maka dipastikan akan terjadi retak-retak permukaan.

Concrete Calculator

Ref: HOLCIM & ANDA

Peraturan Beton Indonesia 1971

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